依賴注入（Dependency Injection，簡稱DI）是一種軟件設(shè)計模式，用于實現(xiàn)依賴關(guān)系的動態(tài)管理。在Python中，你可以使用幾種不同的方法來實現(xiàn)依賴注入：

1. 使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫

Python的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫`unittest.mock`可以用來模擬依賴，從而實現(xiàn)依賴注入。

```python

from unittest.mock import MagicMock

class Dependency:

def perform(self):

return "Dependency performed"

class Service:

def __init__(self, dependency):

self.dependency = dependency

def perform_service(self):

return self.dependency.perform()

模擬依賴

mock_dependency = MagicMock()

mock_dependency.perform.return_value = "Mocked Dependency performed"

創(chuàng)建服務(wù)并注入模擬的依賴

service = Service(mock_dependency)

調(diào)用服務(wù)

print(service.perform_service()) 輸出: Mocked Dependency performed

```

2. 使用第三方庫

有一些第三方庫如`pyinject`、`injector`等，它們提供了更豐富的依賴注入功能。

使用`injector`庫：

```python

from injector import Injector, singleton, providers

class Dependency:

def perform(self):

return "Dependency performed"

class Service:

def __init__(self, dependency):

self.dependency = dependency

def perform_service(self):

return self.dependency.perform()

創(chuàng)建依賴注入器

injector = Injector(providers=[

providers.provider(Service, singleton=True),

providers.provider(Dependency, singleton=True)

])

使用注入器獲取服務(wù)

service = injector.get(Service)

調(diào)用服務(wù)

print(service.perform_service()) 輸出: Dependency performed

```

3. 使用框架

許多Python框架如`Flask`、`Django`等，都內(nèi)置了依賴注入功能。

使用`Flask`：

```python

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

class Dependency:

def perform(self):

return "Dependency performed"

class Service:

def __init__(self, dependency):

self.dependency = dependency

def perform_service(self):

return self.dependency.perform()

@app.route('/')

def index():

使用依賴注入創(chuàng)建服務(wù)

service = Service(Dependency())

return service.perform_service()

if __name__ == '__main__':

app.run()

```

選擇哪種方法取決于你的具體需求和偏好。希望這些信息能幫助你了解如何在Python中實現(xiàn)依賴注入。